Desenvolvimento e dimensionamento de uma bancada didática para estudo de vibrações mecânicas

Abstract

Vibration analysis is one of the main techniques used in predictive maintenance of rotating machinery, allowing the identification of anomalies and faults before they cause severe damage to equipment. In this context, the present work aims to develop and dimension a didactic test bench intended for the study of mechanical vibrations in rotating systems, with application in experimental teaching activities. The proposed system seeks to provide a practical tool to support the understanding of vibrational phenomena associated with mechanical transmission components. Initially, a conceptual modeling of the test bench was performed, followed by the mechanical dimensioning of the main system components, including shafts, belt transmission system, keys, and bearings. The acting loads were considered in the design process, such as forces resulting from belt transmission, bending moments in the shafts, and stresses resulting from the combination of bending and torsion, evaluated using the Von Mises failure criterion. Shaft deflection conditions were also verified, and compatible components were selected according to the expected operating loads. The results indicated that the designed elements present adequate capacity to withstand the applied loads, ensuring satisfactory structural strength and operational conditions for the proposed system. Therefore, the developed project establishes the basis for the future construction of a didactic test bench aimed at studying the vibrational behavior of rotating systems, enabling experimental activities related to the identification of anomalies such as unbalance, misalignment, and variations in the operation of transmission elements. Thus, the work contributes to improving the teaching-learning process in mechanical vibrations by integrating theoretical concepts with practical laboratory applications.